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Methamphetamine Blood Levels and Driving: What Two Cases Actually Show
Two published driving cases illustrate why similar methamphetamine concentrations cannot predict identical behavior or establish a universal impairment threshold.
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Enzyme Induction: Why Oral and Intravenous Midazolam Tell Different Stories
A large increase in apparent oral clearance does not necessarily mean that systemic clearance increased by the same amount. Oral exposure also depends on how much drug reaches systemic circulation. A midazolam microdose study shows why those quantities must remain separate when interpreting an enzyme-inducing interaction. Two routes answer different questions Hohmann and colleagues used…
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CBD Receptor Binding: Why an Assay Does Not Establish a Clinical Mechanism
A receptor-binding experiment can support a hypothesis about drug action without establishing how the drug works in patients. The distinction is important when a laboratory affinity estimate is used to predict a clinical effect or dose. Philip Seeman’s 2016 paper examined cannabidiol (CBD) in rat striatal tissue. Its title proposed partial agonism at dopamine D2High…
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Absolute Bioavailability: Why Oral and Intravenous Drug Exposure Must Be Dose-Normalized
A plasma concentration alone does not reveal what fraction of an oral dose reached systemic circulation. Estimating absolute bioavailability requires a reference exposure and attention to the amount administered by each route. A historical evacetrapib study by Cannady and colleagues illustrates the method. The investigators combined an oral dose with a much smaller intravenous dose…
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CBD Dose and Anxiety: What a Public-Speaking Trial Can Establish
A drug’s effect need not increase steadily with dose. Demonstrating a curved dose-response relationship, however, requires more than finding a statistically significant result at one dose and nonsignificant results at two others. A small cannabidiol study illustrates both the pharmacodynamic question and the limits of the evidence. Three doses, one laboratory stress task Linares and…
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Can a THC Blood Test Tell Medical Cannabis From Street Cannabis?
Can serum THC testing identify medical versus street cannabis? What a forensic study of 18 cannabinoids found—and why source, impairment and causation differ.
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Cannabis Roadside Screening: Sensitivity Is Not Impairment
A systematic review encompassing 101 studies compared roadside screening methods with laboratory cannabinoid testing.
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Breath, Blood, and Wearable Alcohol Monitoring: What Each Measurement Can—and Cannot—Prove
A practical evidence guide to personal breathalyzers, laboratory alcohol testing, and wearable transdermal alcohol monitoring, including bias, lag, and interpretation limits.