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Requiring Cmax and Tmax Shaped the Oral-Cannabis Evidence Base
The review required reported peak concentrations and times to peak. Its study count therefore reflects a pharmacokinetic eligibility rule, not the total number of trials involving oral cannabis. The inclusion rule was specific Included studies had to follow a pharmacokinetic model and report at least maximum concentration, Cmax, and time to that maximum, Tmax. Oral…
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The Oral-THC Review Used PubMed and English-Language Articles
The 2020 oral-THC review searched PubMed through March 2020 and included English-language articles. Its findings describe that search scope rather than every study published in every language or database. How the evidence was assembled The search produced 363 records, with twenty-six studies meeting the review criteria. One author identified potential studies; study selection involved two…
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Blood Draws and Simulator Drives Were Not Always Simultaneous
Some included experiments paired a blood measurement with driving performed minutes later. A concentration–performance analysis should retain that time offset rather than describe the measurements as simultaneous. The review’s table makes timing visible For one included report, blood sampling was listed at 13, 86, 200 and 262 minutes after inhalation, while simulator drives were listed…
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One Edible Study Limited the Driving Review’s Oral-THC Evidence
Only one included study used edibles. The review’s mostly inhalation-based evidence could not establish a general blood-THC relationship for all oral cannabis products. What the review described The edible cohort included twenty-two participants and an average consumed THC dose of 7.3 mg. Blood and simulator assessments were reported at about two hours after consumption. Significant…
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The Blood-THC Driving Review Selected Concentration–Performance Association Studies
The review selected studies that assessed associations between blood THC and driving. Its twelve included articles were not a count of all research on whether cannabis affects driving. Eligibility defined the evidence set The authors required a correlational analysis or a related measure such as linear regression or a general linear model. They included human…
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Twelve Volunteers per Interaction Group Did Not Come From a Formal Power Calculation
The THC/CBD interaction study planned twelve volunteers for each medication group without a formal sample-size power calculation. That matters when interpreting an unobserved difference or a broad safety claim. The design was a small Phase I experiment Thirty-six healthy men entered three groups, each assigned one interacting medication. Within a group, the crossover compared THC/CBD…
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Extrapolated Cannabinoid Exposure Depended on the Terminal Curve Fit
Some cannabinoid exposure estimates extended beyond observed sampling using an uncertain terminal fit. Area under the curve to the last measurement and area extrapolated to infinity should remain separate. The authors identified the limitation In the THC/CBD interaction experiment, the elimination rate constant was estimated over less than two half-lives for most CBD and 11-hydroxy-THC…
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Arithmetic Peak Changes and Geometric Interaction Ratios Were Different Summaries
The interaction paper reported descriptive concentration means and modeled geometric mean ratios. Percentages calculated from those summaries need not be identical. Two calculations appeared in the report For ketoconazole, descriptive mean THC peak concentration increased from 2.65 to 3.36 ng/mL, approximately 27%. The interaction analysis reported a geometric mean ratio of 1.252 for THC peak…
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THC/CBD Interaction Testing Followed Repeated Doses of the Other Medication
The interaction trial tested THC/CBD spray after a course of the interacting medication. It did not merely combine two first doses and measure an immediate interaction. The exposure sequence was deliberate Healthy male volunteers received a single four-spray THC/CBD dose alone and with rifampicin, ketoconazole or omeprazole. The combination challenge occurred at the end of…
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Oral-Fluid THC Was Negative After the Final Dose While Plasma Remained Positive
After the final oral THC dose, no subsequent oral-fluid specimens were THC-positive, while plasma THC remained measurable in all ten participants through discharge. The negative saliva findings did not establish complete elimination. The compartments gave different answers The controlled study administered 20 mg dronabinol capsules at increasing frequency to daily cannabis smokers. Participants were discharged…
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A Significant Saliva–Plasma Metabolite Correlation Was Not an Individual Conversion Rule
THC-COOH concentrations in oral fluid and plasma were significantly correlated after repeated oral THC. The authors nevertheless concluded that oral-fluid cannabinoid concentrations could not predict concurrent plasma concentrations. The correlation involved transformed data Ten male daily cannabis smokers received increasing-frequency dronabinol capsules over eight days. The correlation between logarithms of oral-fluid and plasma THC-COOH was…
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Blood-Collection Limits Shaped the THC Oral-Fluid Comparison
The ratio study collected more oral-fluid specimens than plasma specimens because blood collection was limited. Its paired comparisons represent selected collection times, not every saliva observation. Paired sampling had a defined budget The study restricted total blood collection to 591 mL. Each participant supplied 77 plasma specimens and 169 oral-fluid specimens across the 51-day protocol.…
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Nine-Day Smoking Periods Were Not Drug-Free Washouts in the THC Ratio Study
The intervals between oral-THC maintenance sessions allowed cannabis smoking. Describing those intervals as drug-free washouts would misstate the study’s exposure history. The full schedule matters Eleven daily cannabis smokers lived on a research unit for 51 days. Four five-day maintenance sessions used placebo or 30, 60 or 120 mg oral THC per day. Each was…
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The Oral-Fluid Dose Response Depended on Which Cannabinoid Was Measured
Increasing swallowed THC and increasing THC/CBD spray did not produce the same analyte-specific oral-fluid response. A dose relationship for one cannabinoid cannot be assigned to the entire panel. The adjusted comparisons diverged After controlling for collection time and baseline concentrations, THC-COOH increased significantly between 5 and 15 mg swallowed THC, while parent THC did not…
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Only Four Oral-Fluid Specimens Contained Quantifiable 11-Hydroxy-THC
The active THC metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC appeared in only four oral-fluid specimens in this experiment. Its exclusion from subsequent analyses reflected sparse findings in this matrix, not proof that participants produced no active metabolite. What the laboratory observed The randomized study compared swallowed THC, THC/CBD oromucosal spray and placebo in fourteen cannabis users. Oral-fluid 11-hydroxy-THC was…
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Below-Quantification Oral-Fluid Results Were Assigned a Value for Analysis
In the THC capsule and Sativex experiment, results below the quantification limit were assigned one tenth of that limit for statistical analysis. Those assigned values were not measured trace concentrations. The reporting boundary was analyte-specific Fourteen cannabis users completed five treatment sessions involving swallowed THC, THC/CBD mouth spray or placebo. Oral fluid was collected before…
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Morning Scheduling Was Part of the CBD Social-Stress Protocol
The social-stress experiment scheduled participants in the morning. Its cortisol findings concern that controlled session and do not establish how CBD changes a complete daily cortisol rhythm. The study controlled the clock Participants generally ate breakfast around 8:30 a.m., began the protocol around 10 a.m. and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test later that morning.…
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Missing CBD Stress Scores Were Handled in More Than One Way
The stress study used within-person questionnaire estimates, carried-forward observations and exclusions for incomplete data. Calling the entire analysis simply complete or imputed loses important distinctions. Items, visits and outcomes differed For isolated missing questionnaire items, the authors estimated an average scale or subscale score for that participant. Some missing repeated measurements were replaced using the…
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CBD Stress Research Used Different Summaries for Cortisol and Anxiety
The CBD stress experiment summarized cortisol as an immediate change from baseline, while anxiety and negative self-statements were summarized across several observations. These endpoints did not measure the same response window. What was calculated People at clinical high risk of psychosis received 600 mg CBD daily or placebo before a social stress challenge on day…
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Isradipine and Methamphetamine: A Treatment-Order Finding Did Not Prove a Conditioning Mechanism
A historical 18-person crossover study found selected effects mainly when isradipine followed placebo. That sequence dependence left conditioning, unblinding and other explanations unresolved.